U.S. researchers have found a new method to make the Genschere safer. Your “Prime Editing” method not cut all the strands of DNA as in the past. Thus, fewer errors will remain.
The so-called Prime Editing method (PE), developed by researchers at the Broad Institute in Cambridge/USA, builds on the well-known Genschere CRISPR/Cas9.
PE is inserted in the location, individual building blocks of the genetic material (DNA) to exchange, delete, or create combinations of these changes.
Unlike the previous procedure, PE cuts, however, both strands of the DNA double helix, but only one. Thus, changes in the genetic make-up should be prevented, which occur in the wrong place, the researchers write in the 21st century. October in the trade publication Nature.
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Success: hope for HIV-related research
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For the first time, the HI-Virus will be removed from the genome of mice
Gene therapies for people with genetic diseases
They assert that the method should be able to correct up to 89 percent of all known human hereditary diseases – such as sickle cell anemia.
The method may find, for example, in the context of gene therapy application. This refers to the deliberate Introduction of genetic information into the diseased cells of living people.
The PE “a very promising approach for gene therapy is,” says Dr. Dirk Heckl, Professor of experimental Pediatrics at the Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg. “The shown efficiency is amazing, and [could be] to the independent validation of a milestone on the way to the therapeutic application of the CRISPR technology in gene therapy approaches.”
Theoretically, the genetic material would be before the artificial insemination repair. But this is banned in most countries because it represents an intervention in the human germ line.
More: Chinese CRISPR/Cas9 babies are at higher risk of death
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Crispr – Revolution or a risk?
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Crispr – Revolution or a risk?
More likely to use in plant breeding
The PE-method will probably be found mainly in the plant breeding application and, perhaps, in animal breeding, where certain properties are pronounced to be.
“Just for plants, the technology appears to be particularly interesting,” says Dr. Holger Puchta. The Professor of molecular biology and biochemistry of plants at the Karlsruhe Institute for technology (KIT) has been working for a long time because, carefully planned changes into the genome to bring in.
PE could help “so, in fact, easier to obtain disease-resistant plants, or gluten-free plant products,” he says. This must be tested first.
To hereditary diseases more: sickle cell expert: “the basis of supply in the first place”
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Gene against potato blight foundImmune Gene discovered
The discovery of a gene that protects wild species of the potato against the pathogen Phytophora infestans, holds hope for plant breeders. Maybe soon, to breed by crossing a resistant potato variety.
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Gene against potato blight foundImmunization of the potato
The potato blight in the 1840s the great famine in Ireland. The fungus can destroy in rainy times of the whole Harvest. The researchers had spent ten years as the genomes of wild potato species until they realized that the Gene for immunity is crucial. The study was conducted on 30. March, published in “Nature Plants”.
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Gene against potato blight foundFor the subtropics, suitable
The triumph of the potato from South America to Europe is in the tropics and subtropics. In Africa, as here in Niger, thrive in certain types quite well. Only the soil temperatures must not rise above 30 degrees Celsius. Also the potato in many countries well into the rotation with traditional crops classified – for example, rice or wheat.
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Gene against potato blight foundThe Main Food Corn
Corn is one of the main food of the human race. Over a billion tons are produced each year, equivalent to almost 400 grams per person and day. A lot of Corn is fed to the cattle or as a fuel used. A transgenic, dry-resistant variety could bring yield increases of about six percent. Transgenic plants are not allowed in many countries, such as in the EU.
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Gene against potato blight foundPest control by bacteria Toxin
This Corn rootworm and other pest, the European corn borer, threaten the harvest. Against both insects a toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis is effective. This BT-Toxin, usually forming bacteria. But also, plants can produce it, if a Gene was transferred into it. Thus, resistant plants arise by green genetic engineering, pest resistant.
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Gene against potato blight foundLegume – not a nut
The peanut is actually not a nut, but a bean-like Legume. Originally in the South American Andes is home, she has embarked on a triumph to Africa and Asia. Larvae of the pest Elasmopalpus lignosellus try to eat the leaves of the peanut plant that make the BT-Toxin, you will drop a little later dead.
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Gene against potato blight foundThe most important protein supplier
With over a quarter of a Billion tonnes a year of soy is the world’s largest supplier of vegetable proteins. Just in North and South America, here in Brazil, the Legume often used. The industrial varieties are almost always pest-resistant. It is also certain allergens, which are soy beans typical of the plants to breed success.
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Gene against potato blight foundPerformance, even without genetic engineering
A Relative of the soy bean, the Lupine. Also it is the fruit of a Beans, the proteins it delivers. Through breeding we have managed to immunize a form of culture – the blue sweet lupins against Anthracnose, a fungal disease. The Lupine can tolerate barren and sandy soils and improves the soil texture, for example, for the subsequent cultivation of cereals.
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Gene against potato blight foundVirus-Resistant Water Storage
Plants are also able to catch a Virus. Severe crop losses are the result. Since chemical agents against viruses does not help, the plants need – similar to people – a resistance. Certain cultivated forms of the pumpkin make anti-viral proteins. Pumpkins are also bars good for hot country. You need water to become thick and fat, but can survive dry periods well.
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Gene against potato blight foundPeppers without the flu
Paprika helps – for example as a soup spice – in the case of a cold, to get the nose. But also some Paprika varieties of weapons against plants have viruses: they can be through new varieties – with or without the use of green genetic engineering – against viruses immunize. Viruses are, for example, by aphids from one Plant to the next.
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Gene against potato blight foundDry-Tolerant Cotton
There are cotton plants, the pest are resistant to the BT Toxin, as well as drought tolerant. They are therefore suitable for cultivation in areas where it is not always artificially watered can be.
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Gene against potato blight foundMore Vitamins
The Golden rice contains more Provitamin A and is considered to be hope in the fight against hidden hunger. This Form of malnutrition year after year in hundreds of thousands of people to blindness. You get to eat enough to be satiated, but not enough vitamins to stay healthy. New varieties are supposed to provide relief and a richer food supply.
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Gene against potato blight foundImproved cassava to prevent vitamin deficiency
Cassava is a quarter of a billion tons of annual production, an important staple in Africa and Parts of Asia, and South America. Unfortunately, the root contains very few essential amino acids. Also for cassava breeders have developed varieties that produce more vitamin A and other micro nutrients.