Male or female – over 500 species of fish can change even in adulthood. Also, for the people: The gender is not specified always as clear as we think.
In the coral reefs of the Caribbean, swarms of yellow swim blue head-Junker-females. The name of the species from the blue head of the single male in the swarm has. The male dies, the largest female turns into a new male. In ten minutes it changes its behavior, in ten days the whole of his gender. Without anything to change in the genes, it gets a blue head and testicles, his ovaries are.
A team of researchers from Australia, new Zealand and the USA found that in these situations, a chemical Signal is secreted, the specific genes in the fish enabled and the other disabled. Around 500 species of fish can change their gender in adulthood.
Also, some reptiles can change as the Embryo in the Egg of their gender. At a certain temperature, the females hatch in a other males. The change in temperature activates or deactivates certain genes.
In mammals is still not a natural gender has been shown to change. However, studies with mice show that When researchers activate certain genes of the animals, can transform testicular cells into ovarian cells.
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Born in the wrong body
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Born in the wrong body
Gender is more complicated than I thought
Also in humans, the male and female gender are not always clearly delineated. Basically, it is the male XY chromosomes and the female XX chromosome pair. However, this does not determine alone the gender.
Meaning, in addition to the chromosomes and the genes, hormones and receptors, as well as the testicles, ovaries and the outer genitals, says Heinz-Jürgen Voss, a biologist and social scientist of the University of applied Sciences Merseburg. Scientists assume that about 1000 genes, which can have an influence on the gender.
These parameters are not always female or male. Biologists speak of a spectrum, in which only male or only female characteristics are. There are people who have XY chromosomes and still have female sex characteristics. This can lead to deviations, which are often not even noticed.
Surgeons in the Indian Kashmir, for example, report in the “Journal of surgery case studies” of the Operation of an inguinal hernia, in which they found a 70-Year-old both a uterus as well as fallopian tubes. The father of four children, had known nothing of it. There are people with XX chromosomes, the outer of the male genital parts and testes.
However, there are rare people that sticks testes and ovaries, a uterus and a prostate and a Penis and a Vagina have.
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The invention of the sexes
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The invention of the sexes
Not male, not female – then what?
People for whom the gender is not in all of the parameters, clearly, be described as intersex. Experts from 0.05 to 1.7 percent of the population, depending on the Definition and estimation. If a Person is intersex, this means not automatically that she’s attracted to both sexes hung. Inter-does not mean sexually, the Same as a transsexual. Transsexuals have a clear biological gender, but feel like you don’t have to be in the “right” body.
About 1900 operations, plus many years of hormone treatments are carried out in Germany each year, under ten years of inter-sexual children, to give them a clear gender to assign. The number has not decreased since 2005, says sociologist Ulrike Klöppel. The exact number of operated children is not known. “However, many people struggle later in life with the assigned sex and can’t insert a still into one of two categories,” says Voss.
The gender is not always clearly male or female. Land in Germany since the 1. January 2019 to let the gender of “Divers” to enter. Previously, it was allowed since 2013, only to let in a newborn, the gender designation is open. In 2017, the Federal constitutional court ruled that this Situation is contrary to the personal law and the prohibition of discrimination.
Heinz-Jürgen Voß wishes, that, as in Argentina, Malta and Pakistan, people of your sex itself can indicate, without a prior medical examination.When so many different factors affect the gender, whether it is their perceived gender identity the strongest Parameter, says Voss: “You should just ask every person for themselves.”