20. In July 1944 wanted to kill officers of the Wehrmacht, Adolf Hitler and the Second world war end. However, their Plan failed. Today, heroes are of Stauffenberg and his comrades-in-arms – back then, you were considered a traitor.
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Resistance in Secret: assassination attempts on Hitler
Too far away from Hitler (1938)
During the commemorative March on Munich’s feldherrnhalle in 1938, the young Swiss Maurice Bavaud is stands in the first row of honor. With a gun he wants to shoot Hitler. But the is too far. In addition, the cheering crowds blocking the view. On the drive home, Bavaud is caught in the black-and-ride. The gun and records betray him. He is about to be executed.
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Resistance in Secret: assassination attempts on Hitler
Bomb in the bürgerbräu Keller (1939)
Week the carpenter Georg Elser in the night hiding in the Munich bürgerbräu Keller, to place a bomb. To kill Hitler velvet-NS-leadership in a meeting and thus to end the war. When the bomb explodes, is no longer the leader, however, in the hall. Weather he has brought forward due to his departure. Elser is caught and at 9. April 1945, executed.
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Resistance in Secret: assassination attempts on Hitler
Mines in the coat pockets (1943)
General Rudolf-Christoph von Gersdorff to comment as an expert, an exhibition of captured Soviet weapons in the Berlin Zeughaus. However, this 21. In March 1943, he has only one thing in mind: to kill Hitler and his closest Confidants with the two mines in his coat pockets. But Hitler leaves the exhibition, all of a sudden. Just in time Gersdorff can defuse the detonator. He survived.
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Resistance in Secret: assassination attempts on Hitler
Too cold for explosives (1943)
Excited Colonel Henning von Tresckow and his comrades-in-arms expect in March 1943, the news of Hitler’s death. As a liqueur bottles Box, you have been able to smuggle the disguised time bomb in the plane of the leader. However, in the cargo space of the explosives to “freeze” the detonator failed. As the Stauffenberg assassination, was involved in the planning Tresckow, too, fails, he takes in 1944, the life.
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Resistance in Secret: assassination attempts on Hitler
The assassination attempt on 20. July (1944)
A few hours after the Explosion in the “wolf’s lair” visited together with Adolf Hitler and the Italian Duce Mussolini, the destroyed map room. The heavy oak table, under the Colonel Stauffenberg and the bomb in a briefcase has hidden, to save Hitler’s life. Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg is arrested and shot the same night.
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Resistance in Secret: assassination attempts on Hitler
Operation “Valkyrie” fails (1944)
Already in 1938, General Erwin von witzleben had before, to overthrow Hitler. Numerous attack plans are prevented by various accidents. In the assassination attempt of 20. In July 1944, he sees his last Chance to eliminate Hitler. In the following “Operation Valkyrie” he is to take command of the Wehrmacht. But the coup fails. Joke life is also condemned to death.
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Resistance in Secret: assassination attempts on Hitler
Speer’s supposed assassination plans (1945)
During the Nuremberg war crimes process in 1945, Albert Speer, Hitler’s architect and armaments Minister, that he wanted to gas Hitler in March, 1945 claims. His assassination, he had rejected the plans because of the enhanced SS-presence and construction work on the bunker, Speer. Of the historians, this statement is doubted today. Spear is sentenced in Nuremberg to 20 years in prison.
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Resistance in Secret: assassination attempts on Hitler
Too far away from Hitler (1938)
During the commemorative March on Munich’s feldherrnhalle in 1938, the young Swiss Maurice Bavaud is stands in the first row of honor. With a gun he wants to shoot Hitler. But the is too far. In addition, the cheering crowds blocking the view. On the drive home, Bavaud is caught in the black-and-ride. The gun and records betray him. He is about to be executed.
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Resistance in Secret: assassination attempts on Hitler
Bomb in the bürgerbräu Keller (1939)
Week the carpenter Georg Elser in the night hiding in the Munich bürgerbräu Keller, to place a bomb. To kill Hitler velvet-NS-leadership in a meeting and thus to end the war. When the bomb explodes, is no longer the leader, however, in the hall. Weather he has brought forward due to his departure. Elser is caught and at 9. April 1945, executed.
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Resistance in Secret: assassination attempts on Hitler
Mines in the coat pockets (1943)
General Rudolf-Christoph von Gersdorff to comment as an expert, an exhibition of captured Soviet weapons in the Berlin Zeughaus. However, this 21. In March 1943, he has only one thing in mind: to kill Hitler and his closest Confidants with the two mines in his coat pockets. But Hitler leaves the exhibition, all of a sudden. Just in time Gersdorff can defuse the detonator. He survived.
-
Resistance in Secret: assassination attempts on Hitler
Too cold for explosives (1943)
Excited Colonel Henning von Tresckow and his comrades-in-arms expect in March 1943, the news of Hitler’s death. As a liqueur bottles Box, you have been able to smuggle the disguised time bomb in the plane of the leader. However, in the cargo space of the explosives to “freeze” the detonator failed. As the Stauffenberg assassination, was involved in the planning Tresckow, too, fails, he takes in 1944, the life.
-
Resistance in Secret: assassination attempts on Hitler
The assassination attempt on 20. July (1944)
A few hours after the Explosion in the “wolf’s lair” visited together with Adolf Hitler and the Italian Duce Mussolini, the destroyed map room. The heavy oak table, under the Colonel Stauffenberg and the bomb in a briefcase has hidden, to save Hitler’s life. Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg is arrested and shot the same night.
-
Resistance in Secret: assassination attempts on Hitler
Operation “Valkyrie” fails (1944)
Already in 1938, General Erwin von witzleben had before, to overthrow Hitler. Numerous attack plans are prevented by various accidents. In the assassination attempt of 20. In July 1944, he sees his last Chance to eliminate Hitler. In the following “Operation Valkyrie” he is to take command of the Wehrmacht. But the coup fails. Joke life is also condemned to death.
-
Resistance in Secret: assassination attempts on Hitler
Speer’s supposed assassination plans (1945)
During the Nuremberg war crimes process in 1945, Albert Speer, Hitler’s architect and armaments Minister, that he wanted to gas Hitler in March, 1945 claims. His assassination, he had rejected the plans because of the enhanced SS-presence and construction work on the bunker, Speer. Of the historians, this statement is doubted today. Spear is sentenced in Nuremberg to 20 years in prison.
“The statement of these usurpers, that I no longer lived, is now, in this moment, as I speak to you, my dear comrades,”, blaring Hitler’s voice through the receiving devices in the living room of Nazi Germany. At one in the morning of the 21. July 1944, The Führer is not dead, the coup is failed.
About 12 hours earlier, Colonel Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg during a meeting in the wolf’s lair, a briefcase stuffed with one kilogram of explosives in the vicinity of Adolf Hitler. He then leaves on the pretext of having an important telephone call from Berlin, take the space.
Ten minutes later: Hitler leans on the large map on the oak table stands in the middle of the meeting room to discuss with his generals the military situation in the Soviet Union. Then, the briefcase exploded. Four people die, Hitler survived and is only slightly injured. The massive map table saves his life.
Colonel Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg in the early 1930s, at that time a declared supporter of national socialism
Von Stauffenberg is able to escape from the wolf’s lair, and flies – in the Belief that Hitler was dead -back to Berlin to overthrow with his co-conspirators to the Nazi regime.
Operation “Valkyrie” fails
While von Stauffenberg is in the air, waiting for his co-conspirators in the Imperial capital, impatiently awaiting the order to mobilize the reserve army. Under the pretext that the SS had killed Hitler and organize a coup d’état, to arrest the Wehrmacht throughout the German Reich of the SS and Gestapo, the government quarter, occupy, and usurp the Power. Von Stauffenberg and co. a Separately, want to negotiate peace with the allies, and the cruel end of the war, finally, that’s the Plan.
However, instead of the desired codeword “Walküre” function of General Erich Fellgiebel, the wolf’s lair: “It’s happened something terrible, the Führer is alive.” The military in the bendler block are at a loss and make a serious wrong decision: you have to wait. It was only when von Stauffenberg, about three hours later in Berlin, lands and asserted that Hitler had been killed by his bomb, starts Operation “Valkyrie”.
Reich Marshal Hermann Göring (light Uniform) and his generals inspect after the failed bomb attack destroyed a barrack in the wolf’s lair
However, the coup attempt ends in disaster: warrants for the arrest of the SS and the Gestapo will only be transmitted slowly to the replacement army. Some of the remote write will reach your recipient until late in the evening. The planned closure of the government district and the Acquisition of the broadcasting-Central fail.
At the same time, more and more reports of Hitler’s leakage to Survive. Already in the early evening, the Berlin radio that Hitler had survived the assassination attempt. Within a few hours of the circuit of the resistance is broken. Some refuse orders, others make out of the dust, or to switch the pages.
Today, a plaque marks the location of the resistance fighters to Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg were shot
Hitler winds up for the strike
While in Berlin, the company “is about to fall into Valkyrie” in together, prepare the Survivors in the wolf’s lair, the counter-strike before. Within a few hours of the troops in Berlin to be mobilized, to strike the coup attempt down.
The resistance fighters are quickly identified. Against 23 o’clock the building is occupied complex bendler block, where the Heer office and the assassination attempt was planned by Hitler’s troops. Shortly after midnight, von Stauffenberg and the other “conspirators” in the yard to be shot and killed legally. Thousands of alleged accomplices and opponents of the regime are detained in the weeks and months following the assassination, hundreds of them executed, or suicide.
At that time, a traitor, today a hero
Up to the fall of the third Reich, the Nazi Propaganda, the assassins of the 20 tries. July 1944, as a people, a traitor to the brand – with success. Because even after the liberation of Germany by the allies, the image of a louse Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg and his comrades remains a negative one. Public commemorative events are rare. Until well into the 1950s, a large majority of the West rejects German to naming streets or schools after the French Resistance.
And even in the GDR, they are not to be celebrated about as anti-fascist freedom fighters. Finally, many of the “conspirators had been” for many years, ardent followers of Hitler. It was the Communist resistance, and the mighty Red army of the great Soviet brother, the Nazi Germany would have forced to the knees, said in East Berlin.
20. July 2018: Minister of defence Ursula von der Leyen during the ceremonial vow of the Bundeswehr recruits in the bendler block, which is since 1993, the second seat of the Ministry of defence
In the West, a shift from the 1960s. In many of the commemorative celebrations since then, along with other French Resistance also thought of Stauffenberg and his comrades-in-arms. One of these events is to honor the Murdered particularly: For 20 years, recruits of the Bundeswehr place in the courtyard of the bendler block, the place was shot to von Stauffenberg, a solemn pledge, on the 20. July.