In many countries, people see the economic globalization critically as a survey. Especially where they do not owe their prosperity to the last of the globalization: in the United States and Parts of the EU.
“Globalization has reached, in my country, the limits of the acceptance” – this was the statement agreed to in the U.S., 70 percent and in the EU, 56 percent of economic experts surveyed by the Munich-based Ifo Institute for its latest “World Economic Survey”.
As particularly critical of the French are considered to be 85 percent of the respondents agreed with the statement “fully or something.” This is the highest value among the 120 countries studied. Also in the Czech Republic (70 per cent), Austria (69 percent), the UK (68 per cent) and Germany (64 per cent) take the respondents, the mood in the country as a predominantly critical of globalisation was.
Counter-movements
The limits of acceptance of the Globalisation seems to push, especially in those countries that have benefited from increasing cross-border trade of the past decades particularly. There was also the most obvious counter-movements: the Brexit Referendum in the UK, Donald Trump and his “Make America Great Again” in the United States, the yellow West is in France. “In these countries, the public says: the limit of globalization is achieved, thus far and no further”, says Johanna Garnitzen by the Ifo-Institute, Co-author of the study.
“The advanced economies are in terms of globalisation, in General, more critical than in the Emerging and developing countries”, summarizes the main result of the investigation in the DW-interview. In a Global perspective, but “the positive and the negative opinions of the exact balance,” she adds.
In China, the world’s export champion for a long time, the “workbench of the West”, is seen as globalisation (77 per cent), as well as the Philippines, Malaysia and many other developing and emerging countries. “These countries with globalization, even high hopes,” says Garnitzen. “People in wealthy countries are most likely to feel that the Limit had been reached, and much more, they could not benefit from globalization.”
But there are exceptions: In India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Thailand, the positive attitude to globalisation is pronounced relatively low (less than 40 percent). Among the industrial countries, South Korea has by far the most positive attitude towards globalisation (83 percent). But even in Europe there are countries where the mood is clearly pro globalization: Portugal, Sweden, Luxembourg, Denmark and Finland have values between 60 and 70 percent.
Money from China
The Ifo researchers also asked, such as direct investment from China in the respective countries can be seen. China is participating in many developing countries, the construction of the infrastructure. And in Germany and other industrial countries, Chinese technology, buy companies, whose Expertise fits to the national industrial strategy “Made in China 2025”.
The results are consistent with the adjustment to globalization. “The US, the EU and Japan see Chinese direct investment is particularly critical,” says Ifo researcher Garnitzen. “The majority of Emerging and developing countries, investments from China, in contrast, rather positive or at least non-negative as a direct investment from other countries.” A restriction there was: In China’s neighboring countries, direct investment from the middle Kingdom are viewed to be more critical than in other emerging countries.
The Respondents
However, the Ifo were able to ask researchers not large and representative groups of the population, that would have been too time-consuming and expensive. Instead, they asked around 1200 economists and economic researchers in 120 countries, the mood of the population in their respective country.
Since 1981 the Ifo Institute on a quarterly basis experts throughout the world to aid economic development in their countries, interviewed, and created the World Economic Survey. The questions related to globalisation and the Chinese investments were first made in the context of this survey.