The recent escalation between Israel and the Palestinians, part of a decades-long history of violent conflict. A look back at the past 20 years in a seemingly endless conflict.
Between Israel and the Palestinians, the situation comes to a head once again: is Already the middle of the month, was fired from the Gaza strip towards Tel Aviv. On Monday a missile from Gaza hit a residential building, close to Tel Aviv and injured seven people. Israel attacked then targets in Gaza and destroyed three buildings of the ruling Hamas. Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu broke off his journey in the United States.
The current escalation between Israel and the Palestinians, part of a decades-long history of violent conflict. A look back at the last 20 years shows that A further escalation is possible.
2000: Camp David summit/Second Intifada
In July 2000, the middle East summit with Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat, under the mediation of U.S. President Bill Clinton at Camp David failed. Neither the Status of Jerusalem, nor the demarcation of the border between Israel and the Palestinian territories in the Gaza strip and the West Bank of the Jordan river, they reached an agreement. Shortly thereafter, Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon was replaced as Israeli Prime Minister.
15 days at Camp David, but only one hour of talk: Ehud Barak (l) and Yasser Arafat (R) with US President Bill Clinton
In September 2000, the Palestinians began the second Intifada (“uprising”). The trigger was the visit of the then Israeli opposition politician (and later Prime Minister) Ariel Sharon to the temple mount is under Arab administration. The temple mount is for Jews as well as Muslims, is a Holy place and often the focal point of conflicts. The day after Sharon’s visit, there were violent demonstrations Dead.
In Gaza and the West Bank, there were clashes with Israeli security personnel and Palestinians called the Intifada against Israel. Bus trips or restaurant visits were in the sequence in Israel is dangerous: Because there were committed by Palestinian suicide bombers, many of its more than 20,000 assassinations. Israel responded to the attacks with military actions. In the process, the soldiers also broke into the autonomy areas, to terrorists, to arrest and to kill.
On 8. February 2005, agreed Ariel Sharon – now the head of the government of Israel and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas for a ceasefire. According to Israeli data 715 civilians were killed during the second Intifada, 1036 Israelis. The Palestinian side complained 3592 Dead, of 985 civilians.
A visit by Ariel Sharon under the highest safety precautions in September 2000, on the temple mount
2005: Unilateral disengagement plan of Israel/evacuation of the Gaza strip
As a result of the second Intifada, Israel decided, in part, from the Palestinian territories, to withdraw. The Israeli forces disengaged from the Gaza strip, all 21 Israeli settlements in Gaza were evacuated. In addition, were dismantled in the Northern West Bank settlements. The six largest settlements in the West Bank, however, were maintained according to the Plan, Ariel Sharon permanently. Furthermore, Israel built a 750-kilometre-long separation barrier at the West Bank of the Jordan river, to potential attackers. The Palestinians criticized the Plan: He did not go far enough.
2006/2007: Lebanon war/intra-Palestinian conflicts
Even without a direct conflict between the Palestinians and the Israelis in 2006, the year was a troubled in the Region, While Israel was fighting in Lebanon against the Hezbollah, were employed by the Palestinians themselves: The conflict between the Palestinian party Fatah, which had once been of Yasser Arafat founded, and the terrorist organization Hamas at a cost of more than 100 people. In 2007, he led to the political division of the Autonomous territories: the Hamas controlled the Gaza strip and Fatah the West Bank. Conflict and division, to weaken the Palestinian side.
Farewell from Gaza in 2005, the Israeli settlements were cleared
The 2008/2009 “Operation Cast Lead”
After Hamas had taken full control of the Gaza strip, said Israel Gaza a “hostile territory”. Again and again Israel and Hamas broke the peace of the agreed weapons. The Israeli “Operation cast lead” military strike was prepared by the Israeli military for a long time and came for the Palestinians, surprise: The 27. December 2008, Israel attacked targets in Gaza. Earlier, the Israeli defense Minister, Ehud Barak, Hamas had been given a cooling off period of 48 hours the military struck, but then 24 hours before the deadline. Israel justified the Offensive with the year-long bombardment of Israeli cities from Gaza. The goal of the Operation the weakening or destruction of the Hamas. The military strike was an attack at the time of the heaviest air since the Six-day war in 1967. In January 2009, the violent clash ended with a ceasefire and the withdrawal of Israeli troops from the Gaza strip. According to Palestinian reports, 1417 Palestinians were killed, including 926 civilians. Israel speaks of 1166 dead Palestinians, of which 295 civilians. On the Israeli side, 13 people were killed.
2012: “Operation Pillar Of Cloud”
In spite of the ceasefire of 2009 projectiles towards Israel from the Gaza strip, again and again fired. Israel responded with retaliatory strikes. 14. November 2012 the Israeli air force deliberately killed the Hamas leader Ahmed al-Jaabari. In consequence, more rockets were fired after Israel – for the first Time since the Second Gulf war (1990) was triggered in Tel Aviv, an air RAID alarm. While enduring a week of involvement were killed according to Palestinian reports, 105 Palestinian civilians, Israel speaks of 57. On the Israeli side, four civilians were killed. 21. November, Israel and Hamas agreed on a ceasefire.
Attacks by the Israeli air force in Gaza in July 2014
2014: Gaza War (“Operation Protective Edge”)
The most fatal military conflict of the past 20 years, the Gaza war of 2014. He took seven weeks and cost more than 2000 lives. The trigger in the murders of four teenagers, were: In June, the murdered members of the Hamas-of three Israeli teenagers. Shortly thereafter, three Israelis kidnapped and murdered a Palestinian youth. On 3. July, attacked Israel from the air targets in Gaza, according to its own information again as a response to rocket attacks from the coastal strip. The war had begun. He was interrupted with a rest of two more days of Weapons and ended on the 26. August calm after mediation by Egypt with a permanent weapon. Both sides claimed the outcome of the war as a victory for themselves.
The United Nations speak of 2101 deaths on the Palestinian side, and 67 dead on the Israeli side. According to Israeli figures on the Palestinian side, 1065 militant members of Hamas and other terrorist organizations, as well as approximately 900 civilians were killed.
2018: riots due to the relocation of the U.S. Embassy to Jerusalem
A momentous decision: In may of 2018 was moved to the U.S. Embassy at the behest of Donald Trump to Jerusalem – the U.S. President recognized the disputed territory of Jerusalem almost as a capital of Israel. Then, it came to the border of the Gaza strip, where violence is repeated. For weeks, Palestinians protested part forcibly against the decision of Trumps, Israel’s army attacked positions of the Hamas and defended the border with shots at the protesters. The balance sheet: more than 2000 injured, around 50 Dead. The middle East policy of U.S. President also makes these days of unrest: Its recognition of the sovereignty of Israel over the Golan heights is rated as a campaign aid for the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. The impact is likely to go beyond this.
Ivanka Trump, daughter and Advisor to U.S. presidents, opened in may 2018, the U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem