The “World Report 2019” Human Rights Watch documented human rights violations in the war in Syria. For this, the HRW expert for Syria, Sara Kayyali, all the actors involved to be responsible.
Deutsche Welle: in eight years of war in Syria. As it has developed under these circumstances, the human rights situation within the past year?
Sara Kayyali: In the past year, the human rights situation in Syria in many ways, even though the active hostilities in 2018 year, a total of less. This is because the Syrian government has taken the controlled areas and back again. The deterioration is essentially due to the fact that the Syrian-Russian military has used the Alliance for the re – conquest of Opposition – occupied areas of prohibited weapons, including chemical weapons and cluster munitions against the civilian population. Less areas have been attacked than in previous years. But the tactics have remained the same.
In addition, the Syrian government also violated the right to property. This was done by the so-called “law No. 10”. As a result, the government can take the homes of Refugees hardware and needs to provide you with no compensation.
The Russian military presence on the Regime of Assad has a moderating influence?
The Russian military as part of the Syrian-Russian military Alliance bears the same responsibility for the violations of human rights or the Syrian army. It has had no moderating influence on the conflict. Intentions to have a moderating effect, was followed by no corresponding actions. Also, there was no progress in accountability.
Displaced: A Syrian girl, after the escape from Ghouta in a refugee camp near Damascus
Still present in Syria, the “Islamic state” (IS). How did he get to 2018 behavior?
He has been pushed back, but are always documented numerous violations. So the IS in areas from which he has withdrawn has designed, land mines. These mines have injured 1000 people, some of them seriously. One of the most serious incidents in recent times was a hostage situation in the province of Suweida in southern Syria. Approximately 27 Women and have taken children as hostages. Over 160 people have been killed by local observers.
A year ago, Turkey launched its Offensive in Afrin, in Northern Syria. How is the situation there?
Our research shows that some of the in the framework of the invasion-run attacks may have been unlawful. They led to civilian deaths, which stood in no relation to the purpose. In addition, the Turkish troops and the cooperation of the Syrian forces, civilians prevented from fleeing the violence. On the border with Turkey was a shot at people who tried to escape. In addition, there was looting, even of commercial and private property, the there living Kurds was confiscated. In some cases, we have also received reports of missing persons, arbitrary detentions and torture.
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The United States in Syria are present. How does their influence in the field of human rights?
The United States and the allied forces have carried out a high number of air strikes against the IS. We have documented that at least two of these air strikes were unlawful and disproportionate. Some evidence suggests that the coalition has not taken prior to the attacks, all conceivable precautions to protect the civilian population. In addition, she has examined these attacks are then also reasonable. The victims have not been compensated. We have also noted that they have supported the local authorities in the area of humanitarian aid, as well as the mine clearance, but not to a sufficient degree, so that the conquered territories were in fact stabilize.
Sara Kayyali is in the case of Human Rights Watch documentation of human rights violations in Syria responsible.
The Interview was conducted by Kersten Knipp.