To take Autonomous vehicles in an accident, rather the death of an old people or a child? How people would answer this moral question, lit a new study.
People can be unanimous, such as robot cars in ethically difficult accident situations to decide? The attempt, at least, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (mit) to find out. The study is published in the scientific magazine “Nature”.
The Online game “morality Machine” confronted the subjects with different situations and varying road users. Then you need to opt for in their eyes, reasonable accidental damage: Over I the pensioner, the crosses in red the road, or I’m going against the concrete wall, which endangers the occupants of my car, including children?
More: the first Fatal accident with a self-driving car of Uber in the United States
The Online game of the WITH the subjects in front of different traffic situations, where you have to decide.
Majority of the respondents: Young before Old
The results show that The majority of respondents would prefer to spare children than older people. And most of the would – given the choice – more animals run over as people. However, larger cultural differences between people in different regions of the world showed itself on closer inspection.
The researchers had differentiated into three groups: Western, Eastern and southern clusters. So decided Respondents in Asian countries (Eastern Cluster) tend to agree – out of respect – to spare the lives of the elderly traffic participants.
Over 40 million decisions, from the “morality Machine”- survey were analyzed, the scientists. Because young men were over-represented among the two million participants of the Survey, the result is, however, not representative.
More on this: for the time being, no Tests of Autonomous Uber cars in Arizona
How to decide the self-driving car if an accident is inevitable?
Ethical programming of Autonomous vehicles?
By the results of the researchers of trying to find out, what are the ethics of self-driving could be programmed to cars in the future. This contradicts in part the rules proposed by the ethics Commission for Automated and Connected Driving in June 2017.
Among other things, the German Commission against discrimination: “In the case of inevitable accident situations, each qualification is forbidden according to personal characteristics (age, gender, physical or mental Constitution) is strictly prohibited.”
The Jura Professor Silja Vöneky the goal of the authors is basically correct – triggers a debate on the “ethical programming” of Autonomous vehicles: “We should not, however, believe that we need to invent all of the standards and principles of a new, or change just because it is a new technology,” says Vöneky, compared to the Science Media Center in Germany. She teaches international law, legal ethics and comparative law at the University of Freiburg.
Also Armin Grunwald from the Karlsruhe Institute for technology (KIT) and member of the ethics Commission for Automated and Connected Driving, is skeptical, and warns of the conclusions of the study: “to Neither Play nor from surveys can be the ethical permissibility of standards learned. Otherwise, could be made after every severe crime a survey that would go out with almost certainly for the introduction of the death penalty.” And, although this has been abolished in most countries.
sw/hf(dpa)
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The car thinks the car steersJourney from Silicon Valley to Las Vegas
This Audi A7 is full of Sensors. In the beginning of 2015, the car drove on its own all the way from Silicon Valley to the technology fair CES in Lag Vegas. 900 kilometers long, the Road-Trip on the Highway. The tax man was for emergency use only – not had to intervene, he in this journey.
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The car thinks the car steersReally cosy!
This prototype Mercedes-Benz to bear the name F015 and shows in all Konequenzen, such as an Autonomous car could look like: A driver’s seat is superfluous. Instead, look at all the occupants during the ride, and comfortably entertained. This research vehicle was developed in Silicon Valley. Its maximum speed is currently 200 km/h.
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The car thinks the car steersNothing for the impatient types
Actually, Autonomous vehicles are very safe. They are programmed to slow down in case of doubt, rather the journey. You have to comply with the predetermined safety distance, and endanger other road users is not due to aggressive driving maneuvers, such as this racer.
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The car thinks the car steersComfortable always running out of time
These two Autonomous cars of the University of the Federal armed forces in Munich: Very relaxed, a car drives in front, the other behind follows faithfully, always. You can find your way even in rough terrain, on Paths that you had not previously known. The Exercise shows on the ELROB robot competition 2012.
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The car thinks the car steersThis would not have been necessary
To such a mass Billiards, if people are driving too fast, poor visibility and not enough safety distance. Wisely, built robot cars would not make such errors. Many of them were networked, you could even send her a mile in advance signals to the following cars: caution traffic jam!
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The car thinks the car steersSensors for all-hazards types of
Robot cars that can use different eyes, to recognize their environment. A Google-designed Autonomous car uses, for example, such a laser sensor. The spin and its environment is scanned with a laser beam in three dimensions.
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The car thinks the car steersThe real world of Laser vision
And this is how it looks then: The wagons of the University of the Bundeswehr driving through rough terrain. The Laser creates a three-dimensional map, which he einfüttert in the Computer. You can even take on the perspective of an outsider and the car at the time of his journey of discovery to watch.
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The car thinks the car steersOrientation by satellite, Radar and eye
The robot can Orient itself with many other agents in the field. For example, with optical eye as standard USB-camera, or little Radar Sensors. Also, the determination of position via satellite is for cars important – about GPS-data.
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The car thinks the car steersSeeing cars – future technology from Germany
With optical cameras, researchers working at Daimler. For the invention of cars see you were nominated in 2011 for the German future prize. This camera is mounted behind the windshield of a medium-class car. Attention you what is happening on the street followed.
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The car thinks the car steersFrom the image points of movement
The optical camera detects first of all, thousands of image points called a point cloud. From the movement of individual image points they are calculated, vectors – motion arrows. Various vectors are of different lengths. This results in the on-Board computer prior to designing a complex motion of the image of the traffic and next to the car.
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The car thinks the car steersSlow down or Dodge?
By the on-Board computer, the vectors filters out the run at the travel speed of the cars is unusual, he can detect hazard: A pedestrian runs from the right front of the car and is highlighted in orange. In the Background is a different car. The movement points are green – no danger. So the car can react if the driver is inattentive.
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The car thinks the car steersWho decides – Computer or human?
The technology would be so far. But the question of whether robots should autonomously be on the transport is released, politicians and lawyers are confronted with difficult ethical questions: Who is responsible if a robotic car causes an accident: the manufacturer, the Software programmer, the owner or the driver? And how it looks outside of the normal street traffic?
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The car thinks the car steersIf it is too dangerous for human beings
For example, in the war – if you want to transport Material from one place to another. Or after a chemical or nuclear accident, if the contaminated area for people is too dangerous. For developers to build Autonomous vehicles that can meet today’s practical tasks, such as here at the Polish military Academy.
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The car thinks the car steersA showcase of Autonomous robots
At the Polish military Academy in Warsaw, the European robot competition ELROB took place in the summer of 2014. For five days, were able to measure such Autonomous vehicles. This Transporter of the Swiss RUAG was first presented in 2012 in Thun, Switzerland.
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The car thinks the car steersHands off the wheel!
A vehicle drives without a driver on a booby trap, though the technique is broken, but at least not a human to come to harm. At the ELROB Exercise, however, someone had to sit in the cab to press the Emergency stop button if something goes wrong.