Due to lack of oxygen, many wrecks are preserved in the Black sea amazingly well. The happy archaeologists, but sea biologists, the entire Ecosystem is in danger.
Again and again, researchers encounter in the Black sea on the spectacular wrecks and the Remains of settlements from the bronze age. Have only just under the water, the oldest known intact ship wreck, archaeologists off the coast of Bulgaria, in 2000 meters of depth ever found. The extremely well-preserved finds provide detailed archaeological knowledge about ancient shipbuilding, and on the ancient trade routes. For centuries this was the inland sea, both for the Greeks and the Romans, the Byzantines and the Ottomans, an important trade route.
Ideal Preservation Conditions
Some of the merchant ships did not reach their destination, however, as numerous have already found the wrecks prove. Have been found by remote-controlled diving robots at the bottom of the 2.212-Meter-deep Black sea, has an area of about 436.400 km2, about as large as Morocco or Sweden.
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Sensational discovery in the oxygen-free Depths of The 2400-year-old wreck is surprisingly well preserved
The bottom of the sea, only darkness prevails, there is no oxygen. Due to these anoxic, so completely oxygen-free sea organ Material, like the ancient ships for thousands of years, preserved. Since the low-salt surface, the more water of the sea like a lid on the you, salt water unites deep, there is no exchange of oxygen. All organisms that need oxygen can’t exist on the seabed of the Black sea. It’s great for the archaeologists, but the habitat for water organisms is shrinking dramatically.
Hardly any movement in the Black sea
Debt the introduced nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from agriculture, as well as an unusually stable water stratification. The Black sea is connected only by the narrow Bosporus with the Mediterranean. This Strait is only a little that fresh salt water passes into the inland sea. Instead, large freshwater rivers such as the Danube flow.
The oxygen-rich freshwater floats above the denser, salty deep water at the bottom. There is not enough Wind, waves, or colder surface temperatures, which could provide for a mixing of the zones. With only a few adapted species of the largest part of the organisms living in the oxygen-surface water richer. This Zone ranged in 1955 to a depth of 140 meters, today begins the dead zone already at 90 meters.
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Climate change is exacerbating a lack of oxygen in oceans
In the course of ongoing climate change, the seas and oceans are in the world measurably warmer. The warmer the water is, the less oxygen it can hold. At the same time the sea residents need in the warmer water, more energy and oxygen to move around to find food or to breed. Many kinds of try to leave their traditional habitat, such as in greater water depths. The Ecosystems are radically circulated, the species diversity is shrinking rapidly. In open oceans, oxygen-grown-free-zone in the past few years, four-fold, in coastal waters ten times, reported experts of the Global Ocean Oxygen Network (GO2NE) at the beginning of the year in the journal “Science”. And also in the Black sea, the available habitat for aquatic organisms has shrunk in just 60 years, by more than 40 percent.
So archaeologists will encounter in the future to numerous sunken treasure in the Black sea, whereas Meresbiologen there is less and less sea organisms are found.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauDiving is also significantly lighter
The underwater pioneer Jacques-Yves Cousteau is here in 1973 in addition to a historical helmet of the diving suit. On the occasion of the founding of his society for the exploration and protection of the oceans, he is awarded with a medal. Cousteau has contributed a lot, that a diver can move in the water almost with the ease like a fish – and not as knights in steel armor.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauEven without a swim bladder, but with radio
Cousteau with a compressed air device in 1963 at the bottom of the Red sea. He accompanied his research, the U-boat. Even then, he had a radio connection to the boat. But something crucial is missing: A dive jacket, or a bladder that you can fill with air, in order to be in the water to optimally set to zero. Without a diver can avoid that, he stirs up Sediment, or coral damage.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauThe inventor of the regulator
The regulator, the engineer Emile Gagnan for Cousteau developed, had only a pressure reduction. The disadvantage is that the pressure of The breathing air is equal to the ambient pressure on the valve of the bottle. It appeared Upside down, had to suck the diver’s active air. It appeared perpendicular, you had to blow into the Breath. The advantage is that The air entered from behind the head – good for movie shots.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauThe diving saucer
She seemed to be in their time, such as from a Science Fiction movie. In 1959, Cousteau presented his research in a U-boat at the international Oceanographic Congress in New York. Cousteau developed, in particular, the technique for his film shots: underwater housing, lighting and much more.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauFrom minesweeper to dream of the Caribbean
The Calypso was a gift from the Irish Guinness brewery to the underwater Explorer. He equipped it with a helicopter landing pad and used the crane systems for its submarines, diving chambers, shark cages and rafts. Inside a little space for laboratory work. Especially the ship, however, was a permanent set, because Cousteau gave the dream of the southern seas in about 100 movies.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauA Trimaran for under water
This peculiar under water-borne vehicle in the name of his son Philippe. Cousteau had it in 1980 in the port of Le Cap d’agde in the South of France, to water. The U-boat could carry eight people and was a kind of underwater Sightseeing Bus thought to many people bring the beauty of the sea.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauLiving under the water
Cousteau presents the underwater Station Precontinent III. a diver can stay in the system. Behind it is a principle that is today, especially for professional divers or construction workers in tunnel construction important: you also need to work long periods of time under increased ambient pressure.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauNitrogen saturation as a permanent condition
People are under increased ambient pressure, saturates more nitrogen in the blood. This would be liberated in a rapid ascent to the sea surface, such as carbon dioxide in the sparkling water. Therefore, divers who are down a long time to come, and also extremely slowly to the top. Because it is often more practical to stay right down there in that pod for a rest.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauA diving bell on the ocean floor
This diving bell is the previous model, but without a place to stay. From the bottom of the divers that come from greater Depths can dive into. It is not very deep on the sea floor. But will it be enough to spend a few hours and wait until the nitrogen content has decreased in blood so far that the climb can be done safely.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauA Remnant of the early research work
This tube rack Cousteau’s was the shark cage that he had in the red sea experiment. Today, he is still as archaeological and dive attraction on the bottom of the sea.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauShark diving for everyone
On the coasts, where there are many dangerous sharks, like this Bull shark, now offer business tourists, the special thrill in such Haikäfigen. Some use bait, the animals attract. Among sport divers, but this is frowned upon and illegal.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauClose to the animals to be
Visitors can approach the animals but also quite different – for example, it disguises itself well. This walk-in Hippo has been developed by the Cousteau Team for Film shooting.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauIf the muscle strength is not enough
Under water Scooter, there is not just since James Bond. In 1956, Cousteau has experimented with this model. The photo, however, was not included prior to a dive, but on the occasion of a screening of the film aboard the Calypso during the film festival in Cannes. Also in the picture: The Actresses Edith Zetline, Isabelle Corey and Bella Darvi.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauToday, with more ease
Unlike the early underwater scooter, the devices today have more powerful batteries and motors. So divers can enjoy the relaxed beauty of the seas.
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The inventions of Jacques-Yves CousteauThe unfinished dream
As the successor to the Calypso should have been: With an innovative sail as an auxiliary propulsion system. It never got to that. The original Calypso sank in January 1996 in an accident in Singapore. Jacques-Yves Cousteau died on June 25. In June 1997, at the age of 87. His first ship is currently being restored in Turkey. Later, as an environmental-sail Ambassador on the world’s oceans.