The current refugee crisis of the Rohingya is at the end of a long conflict and suffering, rich in history. The DW-chronology shows the most important turning points.
1942 – The Japanese invade in the Second world war, the British colony Burma (today’s Myanmar) with support from the father of Aung San Suu Kyi referred to Burma’s army. The British retreat to India. During the withdrawal of the British from Arakan, today Rakhine state, and the advance of the Japanese, there are several massacre; both from Buddhists to Muslims, from Muslims to Buddhists. In the result, there is an ethnic separation. Two administrative districts, on the border of the present-day Bangladesh, have since inhabited predominantly by Muslims, and the Rest is dominated by Buddhists. The massacre left deep traces in the collective memory of both groups of the population.
1948 – Burma becomes independent. As a natural citizen, all members of the “indigenous ethnic groups”. In addition, eight named groups, which lived before the beginning of the British colonial time in the country. For all others, including Indians, Chinese but also the Rohingyas, apply complicated special rules, the result will, in practice, that they are not recognised as citizens. For a large part of the population, this is of little practical importance, because the state does not interfere into the daily lives of its citizens and the borders are hardly controlled. Migration across the borders of the new state is common. After independence, a civil war, in which Muslims in Rakhine state participate in starts in the country. Demands for autonomy.
1961 – The Northern, predominantly Muslim-populated areas in the Rakhines will receive a special administration under the supervision of the Central government of Myanmar.
1962 – The military is pushing. It follows the “Burmese way to socialism” under the leadership of General Ne Win.
1964 – The special administration is repealed.
1977 – the Ministry of The interior initiated in the border regions of the country to control the citizenship of the residents. As the action begins in February 1977, in Rakhine state, escape of 250,000 Rohingya nationals in Bangladesh achieved in 1971 after a war of independence from Pakistan. Six months later, Myanmar and Bangladesh to conclude a repatriation agreement. Most of the refugees that are now commonly referred to as the Rohingya, back then.
In 1982 , A new citizenship law is passed. It provides for three forms of citizenship, with tiered Rights and aims to provide a registry of non-indigenous recognised residents. Officially, the new law is intended to allow the descendants of the full Integration. Due to the distrust between the population groups and bureaucratic obstacles, the number of those who register is very low. The Status of statelessness for the Rohingya is written in order.
In 1988 people’s uprising in Myanmar
1988 – after a popular uprising after the military coup ended the socialist Regime. Aung San Suu Kyi embodied according to their occurrence in the policy, the hope of the people for a new beginning, also in the Rakhine state. She was arrest for leading opposition politician against the military and spent more than 15 years in the house.
1991 – tensions in the Northern Rakhine state, and reports of the violent crackdown by the Burmese army to solve a renewal mass Exodus of some 250,000 Rohingya to Bangladesh.
1992 – Together with the High Commissioner for refugees United Nations (UNHCR) repatriation is prepared. A year later, to sign Myanmar and Bangladesh for a repatriation agreement. About 230,000 refugees return in the following twelve years, accompanied by allegations that the refugees were forced to return.
Political New Beginning
2010 – The military-created solidarity and development party (USDP) won the elections. Aung San Suu Kyi is then released from the house arrest.
2011 – The newly elected President Thein Sein announces comprehensive reforms.
2012 – In the Rakhine state in June, violent clashes between Buddhists and Muslims. More than 150 people die and about 100,000 are sold in separate Camps housed, mostly Rohingyas. In August, Thein Its a Commission of inquiry.
2013 – the Country comes to anti-Muslim riots. At least 50 people die. In April, the Commission of inquiry published its report. She notes that the ethnic groups in the Rakhine state to life, and calls to improve the living conditions of all people in Rakhine state.
2013: a boat of refugees from the Rakhine state in front of the Thai coast
2014 – Myanmar takes a census. In the most of the Rohingyas populated districts of Maungdaw and Buthidaung, many people refuse to participate, because your ethnicity is not listed. In August, the UN published refugee Agency, UNHCR relief a report according to which, since 2012, almost 90,000 Rohingya mainly over the sea from Myanmar to Thailand, or Malaysia have fled.
2015 – the election in November, wins the National League for democracy under the leadership of Aung San Suu Kyi is clear. Your party has set up a single Muslim candidate. Unlike in 2010, there are no any representatives of the Rohingyas in Parliament. In Rakhine state, the Arakan National Party, which represents the interests of the Buddhist proportion of the population wins the most seats.
Renewed escalation in the Rakhine state
2016 – Aung San Suu Kyi in September, an expert Commission under the chairmanship of Ex-UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. You should make suggestions on how the situation in Rakhine state can be improved. In October, the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) attacked the post, a number of border. Is to be killed according to official figures, nine of the security forces. The military responded with large-scale operations. 87.000 Rohingya to flee to Bangladesh.
2017 – Almost simultaneously with the publication of the final report of the Commission under the chairmanship of Kofi Annan attacked ARSA again 20 outposts of police and a military base. The armed forces respond once again with military operations. There is a mass Exodus. Until October of 600,000 refugees in Bangladesh will be counted. UN staff speak of ethnic cleansing. Human rights organizations collect in the refugee camps, reports of mass executions, rapes and other atrocities. Aung San Suu Kyi krtisiert in September, in a televised speech in General, any kind of human rights violations. It but need more time to figure out what was actually happening in the Rakhine state. Your attitude is wearing her sharp criticism in the West. An overwhelming majority of the country seems to support your Position and also the Actions of the military. In November to sign the Bangladesh and Myanmar, a General Treaty for the repatriation of refugees, following the example of the recent agreement of 1993.
2018 – Human Rights Watch published satellite images of the destruction of 55 abandoned, previously predominantly of Rohingya-inhabited villages occupy. The Myanmar government rejects all the accusations of a crackdown by the security forces. At the beginning of April, Aung Do Thet, chief coordinator of the government for the resettlement of the Rohingya explained that his country was ready to receive refugees. Since February, two arrival centres in the immediate vicinity of the border.
In may 2018, AI published a report, in accordance with the ARSA, in August 2017 for the murder of about 100 civilians should be responsible.
2018: arrival centers in Myanmar
The chronology was last updated in August 2018.