Research
How does cloning?
A nucleus out, a new cell’s nucleus. This happens in short when cloning. Copies of living creatures. And in the future maybe tissue re-growing it.
The term “clone” comes from the ancient Greek word for “sprout” or “branch”. Of a Plant or an animal, a descendant, has exactly the same genetic material produced by cloning.
This method of reproduction has not invented the human: bacteria reproduce through cell division, are natural clones – just as identical twins. Also who puts the cuttings in the garden, clones in principle.
Cloning in the laboratory
In the narrower sense of clones, but mostly the artificial production of an organism or of essential parts.
In the laboratory, two methods are conceivable in order to clone living beings: the therapeutic and the reproductive cloning. Both procedures start the same: they refer to clone an organism, a cell, and to isolate the cell nucleus and, thus, practical the whole of the genetic information. This nucleus is then inserted into an unfertilized egg cell whose cell was removed the core before.
By electric shock, or in a chemical bath, the cell is stimulated to divide. Due to the new genetic information, it has developed to something quite different, as you would have done it otherwise.
Therapeutic Cloning
With therapeutic cloning is destroyed in the cycles at the end of the Embryo after a few Division, if it consists only of a few cells. The individual cells – the stem cells are the starting material, in order to breed from them of organs or tissues. Because these stem cells are biologically calibrated to a number of functions.
After the presentation of the scientists could be re-growing it in the future, for example, a kidney and would not have to fear that they will be rejected by the body. Because you would have the same genetic Code as your receiver. Also Diabetes or Parkinson’s will at some point use this procedure to heal.
Opponents of the method point to the fact that an Embryo must be killed. In addition, there is the risk that in the bred organs easy to cancer, ulcers to form, as it is in the nature of the stem cells, to mutate readily and to proliferate.
In reproductive cloning, all living beings arise – such as the cloning of Dolly the sheep
In reproductive cloning, comes from the egg with the new nucleus of a living being is born. In the test tube, the Embryo that was implanted into a surrogate mother, and is discharged.
Researchers have cloned already many animals. Dolly the sheep was the first Mammal that was created in this way.
Even if the clone appears to be technically very simple, it is complicated in practice. The error rate is very high: Only a few per thousand to a percentage of the produced eggs, healthy embryos, which will eventually be born and develop.