Politically and economically the Situation is coming to a head in the South American country. What lies behind the mass protests and the resistance of the Opposition against the left, national President Maduro?
Anti-government protests in the Venezuelan capital of Caracas
What happened in the last few years, politically in Venezuela?
A good 20 years after the election of Hugo Chavez as President in Venezuela from the dream of “socialism of the 21st century. Century” remained, the left-wing populist propagated. Using a comprehensive range of social programs and redistribution, financed by oil revenues, Chávez attempted to shape Venezuela, according to his ideas.
Chávez’s political Vision stand in stark contrast to the conduct of many in front of him ruling parties – that’s what made him in the Venezuelan population is excessively popular and brought him up to his death of cancer in 2013, more choice. On the international stage, he was evaluated, however, due to its authoritarian leadership style, the nationalization of the media and a non-sustainable economic policy is controversial.
Under Nicolás Maduro, the appointed in 2012 by the terminally ill Chávez’s successor, and then in controversial elections in 2013 to the President was named, has accentuated the problems that had begun under his predecessor. The country developed more and more in the direction of a dictatorship, accompanied by a systematic suppression of the free press and a dramatic economic decline.
Nicolás Maduro in front of a portrait of his predecessor and mentor, Hugo Chávez
Why has declared the President of Parliament Guaidó right now the interim head of state?
Despite protests at home and abroad, Maduro was at the beginning of January for a second term as President, swear in, which lasts until 2025. The elections of 20. May 2018, were Convinced that the international community is not democratic. Independent electoral observers were not allowed. The largest part of the Opposition boycotted the election and accepts the result, just as numerous States and international organisations.
Already in 2017, Maduro had been disempowered in the midst of months-long protests with more than 100 deaths, the Parliament in which the Opposition since the end of 2015 the majority. The people’s Assembly looks at the latest, since Maduro has begun his second term in office, as the only democratically legitimate representation of the Venezuelan and adopted shortly before the swearing-in of a project for a transitional government and free elections.
Now Parliament President, Juan Guaidó, even in Venezuela, until recently, an unknown member of Parliament has made, seriously and in front of Thousands of protesters to the interim President appointed. The United States and numerous Latin American countries, assured the 35-Year-old prompt their support. However, since the opposition parties are in disarray and the military commitment looks set to continue to Maduro, are observers sceptical as to whether Guaidó can actually take over the business of the government.
Has become in a short period of time to the bitterest opponents of Maduro: Juan Guaidó
Why is Venezuela in spite of huge oil reserves economically on the ground?
Venezuela has the largest oil reserves in the world – however, the country has promoted in the last few years. Oil production in Venezuela for 95 percent of all currency earnings, has fallen from 3.5 million barrels (each 159 litres) to last well over a Million barrels per day. Also, the Refineries produce petrol. Observers see the reason in mismanagement and corruption in the state monopoly PDVSA.
That the Oil price in 2013 dropped to a historic Low, it can be described as bad luck for Maduro, who took over in that year, the Power. The massive dependence on oil was responsible for the Regime but largely self. When Chávez took office, the share of the Export of 70 per cent, in 2013 it was 98 percent. . Other Goods the country produces so much.
Critics see in this development is the result of massive state intervention in the economy. Maximum prices of approximately mass have driven entrepreneurs to the task of your business. Mining, industrial as well as agricultural and timber industries are virtually come to a Standstill. In 2013, the economy grew by only a meagre per cent, in 2018, it shrank by almost 20 percent.
The Inflation of the country currency, the Bolívar was one Million percent. For 2019, the IMF has predicted an Inflation rate of ten million per cent. For comparison: Even in the crisis country Argentina it is only just over 30 per cent, in the rest of Latin America, the price is increase about six percent, in Germany just under two percent. For almost a year now, except for the Venezuelan a government crypto-currency. The so-called Petro-should stabilize the economy – so far, he has failed to achieve this goal.
What are the consequences of the crisis for the population?
The majority of citizens are impoverished as a result of the economic crisis extreme, many suffer from Hunger. Even those who still have a Job, can afford the new minimum wage of 18,000 Bolivars per month (the equivalent of about 5.90 Euro) just a few base products – if these are ever available, since the state is importing hardly any food and things of daily needs, let alone produce. Private companies that take over the in other countries, there are hardly any.
Millions of people suffer from symptoms for years of malnutrition. Even on medication, a drastic shortage of decades ago, suppressed diseases, such as Malaria and tuberculosis, are again on the rise. The infant mortality rate has doubled since 2011.
Daily 5000 Venezuelans to emigrate is estimated that, in total, have fled, according to the International organization for Migration (IOM) since 2014 are already about three million abroad – due to the ongoing supply crisis, high crime rate, rampant Inflation and state Repression.
Because a lot of well-educated and young people had left the country, there would be – even if the political situation workers should change – hardly enough to rebuild the economy, according to a forecast by the research Institute Brookings Institution.
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From the rich Petro-state to Hunger and poverty
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